For diagnosis of structural heart abnormalities, modalities that provide the most definitive information are key. There are two objectives of diagnosis: identify the presence of structural heart abnormalities and provide specific details to risk stratify and identify the need for intervention. Echocardiography is the gold standard for identifying valvular abnormalities with details required to decide on intervention. Cardiac CT is used to provide insights on intervention strategy.⁷ Cardiac catheterization is often used to identify concomitant CAD that influences the interventional approach, open versus percutaneous.